Properties and uses of plastics as a construction material. Before starting the chapter on the uses and subsequent recycling of plastic, let us establish a general classification of these thermosetting resins or thermoplastics the two big groups into which we include elastomers by detailing their properties, their makeup, their. The density of a plastic sample may change due to change in crystallinity, loss of plasticizers, absorption of solvent, etc. Types of packaging materials industrial materials these materials have been developed over the last 200300 years and are the main types of. The term covers inorganic non metallic materials whose formation is due to the action of heat clays, bricks, cements, glass are the most important ones clay to make pottery, bricks, cement and glass. Different formwork materials and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed below. A formwork is a temporary structure used as mold for the original structure. A chemical change occurs in these plastics during the curing. Different materials used for formwork advantages and. Based on the parts intended application and functionality, important material properties must be considered, such as durability, flexibility, performance, texture, density and color.
Plastic fabrication methods that are able to strengthen plastics. In the market there are so many types of models of plastics are available such as transparent, colored etc. Materials, processes, properties, test methods, and other information that is used commonly throughout the industry. Typical reactions for chain assembling are polyaddition continuous or step wise and condensation polymer ization polycondensation 1 figure 1. The plastic properties on pages 222223 are exclusively applicable for the specified standard test pieces. Select two or more materials and then press compare materials. Variations may occur as far as cases and technical parts are concerned.
Types and properties pdf by mohammed shafi october 22, 2018 may 7, 2020 in this article, i will be explaining the different types of plastics used in our household applications as well as industrial applications in the form of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics with there properties. The word polymer means of many parts, and polymers are made of long chains of molecules. Compounding or blending is the process of combining two or more types of plastic materials by melting, molding, and cooling them into different shapes. Click the down or up arrows triangles or column headings to sort plastic materials or material properties. Aluminum bulk items, such as steamtablepans, silver, or may be coated in retains heat and cold well, extremely versatile inexpensive, round carryout containers with board lid colors. Use of plastic waste in civil constructions and innovative. Its important to identify friction and wear requirements, operating temperature ranges, and outdoor or chemical exposure. Applications of plastics and types of plastic materials. The seventh edition of this classic reference work once more provides a comprehensive overview of commercially available plastics materials. Plastic resin ranges from polyethylene terephthalate used for bottles to lowdensity polyethylene used for egg cartons and loosefill packing peanuts.
See a full breakdown of each kind of plastic, along with its associated spi resin. Glass or plastic containers have largely replaced pottery because of its high weight, fragility, variability in volume when handmade, and the difficulty of adequately cleaning pottery containers for reuse. Materials solid materials metals ceramics plastics thermoplastics thermosetts elastomers plastic. View plastic materials found under a specific property group. Single stream recycling allows you to put all of your recyclable. Plastic material is a term that refers to a large class of polymers, separated into various groups and subgroups. Understanding plastics and polymers the different types of. Plastics processing plastics can be machined, cast, formed, and joined with relative ease requiring little postprocessing or surfacefinish operations plastics melt or cure at relative low temperatures plastics require less energy to process than metals raw materials most commonly are pellets, powders. Therefore, to determine the exact density of plastic, it is. Introduction engineers face several considerations when selecting. Different types of cloth may be used for different types of clothing. There are two basic classes of plastics along with seven popular types of plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate pete or pet highdensity polyethylene hdpe polyvinyl chloride pvc lowdensity polyethylene ldpe polypropylene pp polystyrene or styrofoam ps miscellaneous plastics includes.
The history and future of plastics what are plastics, and. For chemically resistant plastic, view our chemical resistance of plastics chart. Some of them are reusable, the others produce hazardous material after several uses. The society of the plastics industry spi established a classification system in 1988 to allow consumers and recyclers to identify different types of plastic. Because of this property, greater care must be used in designing with brittle materials. Many of these materials result from metallocene catalyst technology. Sound absorption by porous materials noise and vibration short course dept. Naturally, these tests should be used only for tentative identification because some complex plastic compounds require a rigorous analysis for identification. Number 7 is for all plastics other than those identified by number 16 and also plastics that may be layered or mixed with other types of plastics, such as bioplastics. The wintest software includes all applicable calculations. Plasticity is the general property of all materials which can deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their. The use of plastic materials in the medical field, about 4 billion dollars in 2000 us.
Plastic materials look and behave differently based on the characteristics of their chemical makeup. There are different materials available to construct the formwork. There are many different types of cloth, with different names and uses. The reason behind this is because they include the generation of unusual plastics materials, lengthening the performance of existing plastics and at a low price whilst also recycling plastic materials. Examples include polyurethanes, polyesters, epoxy resins and. It only recently became a name for a category of materials called polymers. Before starting the chapter on the uses and subsequent recycling of plastic, let us establish a general classification of these thermosetting resins or thermoplastics the two big groups into which we include elastomers by. Explorers established trade routes to redistribute raw materials and finished products. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of plastic not defined by the other six codes. Your television, computer, car, house, refrigerator, and many other essential products utilize plastic materials to make your life easier and more straightforward.
Modern culture is also influenced by the availability of new materials. Rain boots, shoes, hollow toys, balls, large pipes and tubes etc. Moreover, these materials may also be adapted with fillers or glass fiber by blending materials. Main differences between types of cloth include how the cloth is made woven, knitted, felted, and how those techniques were implemented, what fiber it is made from, and what weight the cloth is. Items such as disposable coffee cups, plastic food boxes, plastic cutlery and packing foam are made from ps. Pet is the most widely produced plastic in the world. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of. Ceramic materials the word ceramicis derived from the greek word keramikos. Thermoplastic types amorphous lacking long range order semi. Apr 11, 2017 bs en iso 14126 fiberreinforced plastic compositesdetermination of compressive properties in the inplane direction. Formwork material is selected depending upon many factors like cost, requirement, type of structure etc. Also, you may want to use our plastic material selection guide or interactive thermoplastics triangle to assist with the material selection process based on your application requirements.
Kim 8 materials solid materials metals ceramics plastics thermoplastics thermosetts elastomers plastic. Polycarbonate pc is the most common plastic in this category, isnt used as much in recent years due to it being associated with bisphenol a bpa. Plastic material properties table mechanical, physical. Plastic is relatively inexpensive so it is used in many applications. Here is a preliminary guide that will help you to identify many of the basic types of plastics using simple techniques and readily available tools. Each plastic material has its own peculiar properties to suit its particular uses. This information will help you sort plastic materials more effectively for recycling. Manufacturers utilize a variety of different plastic materials and compounds that each possess unique properties. Once cooled and hardened, these plastics retain their shapes and cannot return to their original form. Consider mechanical loads, aesthetics, and machinability when selecting a plastic. Bs en iso 14126 fiberreinforced plastic compositesdetermination of compressive properties in the inplane direction. There are two common types of recycling collection program designs.
In addition, its important to become familiar with an items spi society of the plastics industry code, which is also known as a resin identification number and is used to classify the different types of plastic. Polycarbonate pc is used in baby bottles, compact discs, and medical storage containers. Both types of plastic materials are recyclable and it is possible to produce bio degradable plastics with both types of feedstocks. A standard place setting includes metal cutlery, a polymer napkin, and a ceramic dish. Plastic is a word that originally meant pliable and easily shaped. The most common package material, plastic can be rigid or flexible, and its light in weight. The success of plastic as an engineering material will depends up on the selection of variety of plastic.
It is calculated by dividing the mass of the material by the volume and is normally expressed in gcm 3. Thermosets can be used for auto parts, aircraft parts and tires. Usually a chemical reaction involves a transformation of the sample into a different substance, and it may be difficult to reverse the process. Since the previous edition, several new materials have been announced. The effects of stress concentration are more important, and there is no large amount of plastic deformation to assist in distributing the loads. Polystyrene is commonly recycled, but is difficult to do. Click on an application icon to search for a plastic that may meet your needs. Jul 17, 2018 though it varies between types, every single category of plastic could leach hazardous materials if put in an extreme situation such as extreme heat. Use our interactive properties table below to explore by property group, sort, or compare two or more plastic materials. Traditionally the three major classes of materials are metals, polymers, and ceramics. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, it enables scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work as well as providing technologists with a theoretical background. In addition, developments also continue with condensation polymers with several new polyester type materials of interest for bottleblowing andor degradable plastics.
The plastic and packaging material used by okw are on the whole harmless and, apart from some exceptions, can easily be recycled and reutilized. Aluminum bulk items, such as steamtablepans, silver, or may be coated in retains heat and cold well, extremely versatile. It is important to note that density varies with temperature. Caused by the macromolecular structure and the temperature dependent physical properties plastic materials are distinguished into different. Whether you realize it or not, practically everything you see and use on a daily basis is entirely or partly plastic material. Understanding the plastic types can help consumers like you make more informed decisions related to your health and the environment.
Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects. Naturally occurring plastic materials can be found in the forms of animal bones, horns, tortoise shells, the fossilised resin from pine trees amber, the albumen in. Understanding plastics and polymers the different types. Since the previous edition, several new materials have been. Different types of puncture test fixtures are available from testometric, with manual pneumatic tightening for plastic sheet and film materials. Polycarbonate and polylactide are included in this category. Typical reactions for chain assembling are polyaddition continuous or step wise and condensation polymerization polycondensation 1 figure 1. Jan 20, 2019 moreover, these materials may also be adapted with fillers or glass fiber by blending materials.